Lining for electric or other furnaces and method of preparing the same.



- furnaces durin heated charge thereto or UNITED STATES PATENT orrron.

HERMAN L. HARTENSTEIN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO ELEOTRO CHEMICAL & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, OF

PIERRE, SOUTH DAKOTA, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

, LlNlNG FOR ELECTRLC OROTHER FURNACESAND'METHOD 0F PREPARING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 1, 1906.

Application filed July 23,1902. Renewed September 30,1905- Serial No.280,728.

or other furnaces and methodof preparing the same.

In-the manufacture of carbolite or carbid an electric or other furnaceis supplied with a charge of niateriahwhich charge is then subjected tothe fusing action of heat in order to ,reduce the charge-to amelted'condition to effect the conversion of the charge into carbid.

In a copending application, executed July 14, 1902, I have set forth anddescribed a 2 6 method of makin carbid in which the charge is suppliedin a highly-heated condition to the fusing-furnace. By reason of theintense heat generated in'the electric or other fusing the sup ly of thehighlyuring the fusing or converting operation the fusin -furnaces or"the linings therefor, and especial y tbelinings, are raised to a highdegree of tem )erature, frequently resulting in reducing the iinings toa molten or softened condition, thereby causing the same to orack,warp,or bend and render such linin s subject to abrasion, and hgace israpidIy destroyed, requiring frequent renewals and replacements. More- 35 over, in Iurnaces' of this nature, and es'pecla-lly in the case ofelectric,furnaces, it is exceeding desirable to provide linings for thefurnace which offer resistance to the electric current, thereby enablingall the current 0 used to be devoted to the work of fusing the charge.It is also desirable to employ 11nings which are non-heat conducting orconducting heat poorly.

It is the special object of my'present invention to provide a lining forelectric or other furnaces and a method of preparing the same in asimple and eflicient manner and thoroughly practical. commerc allywherein the lining is capable of resisting the lugh o temperaturetowhich the furnace-chamber is raised and whereby crackin bending, orwarping the linln is prevented and avoided and wherein the linmg opposesresistance to the current employed for fusing-that is, is

I non-conducting electrically and is also a non-heat conductorandwherein the danger of softening on melting the lining under the intenseheat to which it is subjected is avoided and prevented.

In'carrying out my invention I employ asbestos, anhydrous pitch, tar, orresin, cream of lime, and-coke and form the same into suitable bricks,blocks, or slabs and apply the same to the walls of the furnace as thelining therefor. The asbestos, preferably such as is obtained in Canadaor the United States on account of the low percentage of rotoxid of ironcontained therein, is through y mixed in the dry with the pitch, tar, orresin,which is previously pulverized, in about the proportion of ninetypounds of asbestos to ten pounds of pitch, tar, or resin. The short berof asbestos may be employed. The cream of lime is prepared by slakingordinarv lime with anexcess of water to a consistency of thick cream.The coke is used in a finely-pulverized condition. To thepulverized cokethe cream of lime is added and the mass thoroughly mixed. To thismixture about one-twentieth (1-20), per cent., by weight, of theasbestos, pitch, tar, or resin mixture is added and the mass thoroughlystirred and mixed and kneaded. The resultin mass, after athoroughmixture and which is ut sli htlymoist,.maythen' be pressedinto bricks,bIocks, slabs, or otherwise by means of molds or otherwise and, ifdesired,subjected to hydraulic or other ressure, and,if desired, thebricks, blocks, or s abs may then be dried, or, if desired, by means ofan ordinary dryingov'en. If required for shipment they should beheatedto a temperature of 800 or 900 Fahrenheit; but thls is not essentialwhere they are used at the place of their manufacture.

In order to ap ly the bricks, blocks, or slabs to the insldh surface ofthe furnacechamber, I employ a compoundcomposed of the asbestos, resin,tar, or pitch mixture and finely-pulverized lime in the proportion ofone hundred pounds of the mixture to three hundred pounds of lime. Thiscompound may be and referably should be used in the dry state. owever,it may be used in a slightly-moistened condition, and the mner surfaceof the furnace -chamber is coated therewith and the bricks, blocks, orslabs prepared as above described are arranged in place thereon. Uponheating the furnace this mixing com ound sinters or sticks to thefurnace-su ace and also to the lining blocks or slabs by reason of .thetar, pitch, or resin constituent thereof, thereby binding the lining tothe furnace-surface.- The lime and asbestos contents of the fixing comound,

' as well as of thelining bricks, bloc s, or

slabs, serves not only as a non-conductor of electricit in case of theuse of my invention in an ele a non-conductor of heat. 1 v

A'furnace-linin of the nature described and produced in the manner setforth resists in a remarkable degree the action of-the heat to which thefurnace-chamber is subjected and is not softened or melted by such heat.It

does not crack, warp, or bend and shows a greater resistance to abrasionthan ordinary,

stone or brick. It is light-in weight and possesses elasticity to aremarkable degree. .It is a non-conductor of heat as well as ofelectricity. It is economical in manufacture, as the constituentelements thereof are plentiful and easily obtainable, and in the use ofsuch lining the cost of carbid manufacture is cient an satisfactoryunder ordinary conditions.

Havingnow set forth the object and na-' ture of my invention and themanner of car rying the same into practical operation, what ctricfurnace, but also servesas- Iclaim as new and useful and of my owninvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

tric or other furnaces, which consists in mixand for the purpose setforth.

2. The method ofmakin linings for elec-' tric or other furnaces, whicconsists in mixingr together cream of lime and pulverized co e and thenadding-thereto amixture of as-' bestos and a hydrocarbon adherent, thenforming the same into bricks, blocks or slabs,

and then pressing and the same as and for the purposeset forth. 1 I

3. As a new article of manufacture, a lining for electric or otherfurnaces, composed of a thorough admixture of coke, cream of lime,asbestos an-da hydrocarbon adherent, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. As a new article-of manufacture, a lining for electric or otherfurnaces in the form of pressed and dried bricks, blocks or slabs,composed; of powdered coke, cream of lime, a powdered hydrocarbonelement and asbestos in about the proportion'specified, as and for thepurpose set forth.

'5. As a new article of manufacture, a lining forv electric or'otherfurnaces, composed of 4s 1. The method of preparing linings forelecpowdered coke, slaked lime, an adhesive ele ment, and. a non-heatand electric conductingelement, said element bein incombustible as andfor the pur os'e set fort In Witness w ereof I have hereunto set myhand, this 19th day of July, 1902, in the presence of the subscribingwitnesses.

HERMAN L. HARTENSTEIN. Witnesses:

K. V. DARBY,

S E. DARBY.

